Customizing Auto DevOps

While Auto DevOps provides great defaults to get you started, you can customize almost everything to fit your needs. Auto DevOps offers everything from custom buildpacks, to `Dockerfiles, and Helm charts. You can even copy the complete CI/CD configuration into your project to enable staging and canary deployments, and more.

Custom buildpacks

If the automatic buildpack detection fails for your project, or if you want to use a custom buildpack, you can override the buildpack using a project variable or a .buildpacks file in your project:

Project variable - Create a project variable BUILDPACK_URL with the URL of the buildpack to use.
.buildpacks file - Add a file in your project's repository called .buildpacks, and add the URL of the buildpack to use on a line in the file. If you want to use multiple buildpacks, enter one buildpack per line.

The buildpack URL can point to either a Git repository URL or a tarball URL. For Git repositories, you can point to a specific Git reference (such as commit SHA, tag name, or branch name) by appending #<ref> to the Git repository URL. For example:

The tag v142: https://github.com/heroku/heroku-buildpack-ruby.git#v142.
The branch mybranch: https://github.com/heroku/heroku-buildpack-ruby.git#mybranch.
The commit SHA f97d8a8ab49: https://github.com/heroku/heroku-buildpack-ruby.git#f97d8a8ab49.

Multiple buildpacks

Using multiple buildpacks is not fully supported by Auto DevOps, because Auto Test won't work when using the .buildpacks file. The buildpack heroku-buildpack-multi, used in the backend to parse the .buildpacks file, does not provide the necessary commands bin/test-compile and bin/test.

If your goal is to use only a single custom buildpack, you should provide the project variable BUILDPACK_URL instead.

Custom `Dockerfile`

If your project has a Dockerfile in the root of the project repository, Auto DevOps builds a Docker image based on the Dockerfile, rather than using buildpacks. This can be much faster and result in smaller images, especially if your Dockerfile is based on Alpine.

Passing arguments to `docker build`

Arguments can be passed to the docker build command using the AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_EXTRA_ARGS project variable. For example, to build a Docker image based on based on the ruby:alpine instead of the default ruby:latest:

Set AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_EXTRA_ARGS to --build-arg=RUBY_VERSION=alpine.

Add the following to a custom Dockerfile:

ARG RUBY_VERSION=latest
FROM ruby:$RUBY_VERSION

# ... put your stuff here

NOTE: Note: Use Base64 encoding if you need to pass complex values, such as newlines and spaces. Left unencoded, complex values like these can cause escaping issues due to how Auto DevOps uses the arguments.

CAUTION: Warning: Avoid passing secrets as Docker build arguments if possible, as they may be persisted in your image. See this discussion of best practices with secrets for details.

Passing secrets to `docker build`

Introduced in GitLab 12.3, but available in versions 11.9 and above.

CI environment variables can be passed as build secrets to the docker build command by listing them by name, comma-separated, in the AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_FORWARDED_CI_VARIABLES variable. For example, to forward the variables CI_COMMIT_SHA and CI_ENVIRONMENT_NAME, set AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_FORWARDED_CI_VARIABLES to CI_COMMIT_SHA,CI_ENVIRONMENT_NAME.

CAUTION: Caution: Unlike build arguments, these variables are not persisted by Docker in the final image, though you can still persist them yourself.

In projects:

Without a Dockerfile, these are available automatically as environment variables.
With a Dockerfile, the following is required:
1. Activate the experimental Dockerfile syntax by adding the following code to the top of the file:
```
# syntax = docker/dockerfile:experimental
```
2. To make secrets available in any RUN $COMMAND in the Dockerfile, mount the secret file and source it prior to running $COMMAND:
```
RUN --mount=type=secret,id=auto-devops-build-secrets . /run/secrets/auto-devops-build-secrets && $COMMAND
```

NOTE: Note: When AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_FORWARDED_CI_VARIABLES is set, Auto DevOps enables the experimental Docker BuildKit feature to use the --secret flag.

Custom Helm Chart

Auto DevOps uses Helm to deploy your application to Kubernetes. You can override the Helm chart used by bundling up a chart into your project repository or by specifying a project variable:

Bundled chart - If your project has a ./chart directory with a Chart.yaml file in it, Auto DevOps will detect the chart and use it instead of the default chart, enabling you to control exactly how your application is deployed.
Project variable - Create a project variable AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART with the URL of a custom chart to use, or create two project variables: AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY with the URL of a custom chart repository, and AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART with the path to the chart.

Customize values for Helm Chart

Introduced in GitLab 12.6, .gitlab/auto-deploy-values.yaml will be used by default for Helm upgrades.

You can override the default values in the values.yaml file in the default Helm chart by either:

Adding a file named .gitlab/auto-deploy-values.yaml to your repository, which is automatically used, if found.
Adding a file with a different name or path to the repository, and setting the HELM_UPGRADE_VALUES_FILE environment variable with the path and name.

NOTE: Note: For GitLab 12.5 and earlier, use the HELM_UPGRADE_EXTRA_ARGS environment variable to override the default chart values by setting HELM_UPGRADE_EXTRA_ARGS to --values <my-values.yaml>.

Custom Helm chart per environment

You can specify the use of a custom Helm chart per environment by scoping the environment variable to the desired environment. See Limiting environment scopes of variables.

Customizing `.gitlab-ci.yml`

Auto DevOps is completely customizable because the Auto DevOps template is just an implementation of a .gitlab-ci.yml file, and uses only features available to any implementation of .gitlab-ci.yml.

To modify the CI/CD pipeline used by Auto DevOps, include the template, and customize it as needed by adding a .gitlab-ci.yml file to the root of your repository containing the following:

include:
  - template: Auto-DevOps.gitlab-ci.yml

Add your changes, and your additions will be merged with the Auto DevOps template using the behavior described for include.

If you need to specifically remove a part of the file, you can also copy and paste the contents of the Auto DevOps template into your project and edit it as needed.

Customizing the Kubernetes namespace

Introduced in GitLab 12.6.

For clusters not managed by GitLab, you can customize the namespace in .gitlab-ci.yml by specifying environment:kubernetes:namespace. For example, the following configuration overrides the namespace used for production deployments:

include:
  - template: Auto-DevOps.gitlab-ci.yml

production:
  environment:
    kubernetes:
      namespace: production

When deploying to a custom namespace with Auto DevOps, the service account provided with the cluster needs at least the edit role within the namespace.

If the service account can create namespaces, then the namespace can be created on-demand.
Otherwise, the namespace must exist prior to deployment.

Using components of Auto DevOps

If you only require a subset of the features offered by Auto DevOps, you can include individual Auto DevOps jobs into your own .gitlab-ci.yml. Each component job relies on a stage that should be defined in the .gitlab-ci.yml that includes the template.

For example, to make use of Auto Build, you can add the following to your .gitlab-ci.yml:

stages:
  - build

include:
  - template: Jobs/Build.gitlab-ci.yml

See the Auto DevOps template for information on available jobs.

CAUTION: Deprecation Auto DevOps templates using the only or except syntax will switch to the rules syntax, starting in GitLab 13.0. If your .gitlab-ci.yml extends these Auto DevOps templates and override the only or except keywords, you must migrate your templates to use the rules syntax after the base template is migrated to use the rules syntax.

PostgreSQL database support

To support applications requiring a database, PostgreSQL is provisioned by default. The credentials to access the database are preconfigured, but can be customized by setting the associated variables. You can use these credentials to define a DATABASE_URL:

postgres://user:password@postgres-host:postgres-port/postgres-database

Upgrading PostgresSQL

CAUTION: Deprecation The variable AUTO_DEVOPS_POSTGRES_CHANNEL that controls default provisioned PostgreSQL currently defaults to 1. This value is scheduled to change to 2 in GitLab 13.0.

The version of the chart used to provision PostgreSQL:

Is 0.7.1 in GitLab 12.8 and earlier.
Can be set to from 0.7.1 to 8.2.1 in GitLab 12.9 and later.

GitLab encourages users to migrate their database to the newer PostgreSQL.

To use the new PostgreSQL:

New projects can set the AUTO_DEVOPS_POSTGRES_CHANNEL variable to 2.
Old projects can be upgraded by following the guide to upgrading PostgresSQL.

Using external PostgreSQL database providers

While Auto DevOps provides out-of-the-box support for a PostgreSQL container for production environments, for some use cases, it may not be sufficiently secure or resilient, and you may want to use an external managed provider (such as AWS Relational Database Service) for PostgreSQL.

You must define environment-scoped variables for POSTGRES_ENABLED and DATABASE_URL in your project's CI/CD settings:

Disable the built-in PostgreSQL installation for the required environments using scoped environment variables. For this use case, it's likely that only production will need to be added to this list. The built-in PostgreSQL setup for Review Apps and staging is sufficient, because a high availability setup is not required.
Define the DATABASE_URL CI variable as a scoped environment variable that will be available to your application. This should be a URL in the following format:
```
postgres://user:password@postgres-host:postgres-port/postgres-database
```

You must ensure that your Kubernetes cluster has network access to wherever PostgreSQL is hosted.

Environment variables

The following variables can be used for setting up the Auto DevOps domain, providing a custom Helm chart, or scaling your application. PostgreSQL can also be customized, and you can use a custom buildpack.

Build and deployment

The following table lists variables related to building and deploying applications.

Variable	Description
`ADDITIONAL_HOSTS`	Fully qualified domain names specified as a comma-separated list that are added to the Ingress hosts.
`<ENVIRONMENT>_ADDITIONAL_HOSTS`	For a specific environment, the fully qualified domain names specified as a comma-separated list that are added to the Ingress hosts. This takes precedence over `ADDITIONAL_HOSTS`.
`AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_CNB_ENABLED`	When set to a non-empty value and no `Dockerfile` is present, Auto Build builds your application using Cloud Native Buildpacks instead of Herokuish. More details.
`AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_EXTRA_ARGS`	Extra arguments to be passed to the `docker build` command. Note that using quotes won't prevent word splitting. More details.
`AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_FORWARDED_CI_VARIABLES`	A comma-separated list of CI variable names to be passed to the `docker build` command as secrets.
`AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART`	Helm Chart used to deploy your apps. Defaults to the one provided by GitLab.
`AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY`	Helm Chart repository used to search for charts. Defaults to `https://charts.gitlab.io`.
`AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY_NAME`	From GitLab 11.11, used to set the name of the Helm repository. Defaults to `gitlab`.
`AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY_USERNAME`	From GitLab 11.11, used to set a username to connect to the Helm repository. Defaults to no credentials. Also set `AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY_PASSWORD`.
`AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY_PASSWORD`	From GitLab 11.11, used to set a password to connect to the Helm repository. Defaults to no credentials. Also set `AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY_USERNAME`.
`AUTO_DEVOPS_MODSECURITY_SEC_RULE_ENGINE`	From GitLab 12.5, used in combination with ModSecurity feature flag to toggle ModSecurity's `SecRuleEngine` behavior. Defaults to `DetectionOnly`.
`BUILDPACK_URL`	Buildpack's full URL. Can point to either a Git repository URL or a tarball URL.
`CANARY_ENABLED`	From GitLab 11.0, used to define a deploy policy for canary environments.
`CANARY_PRODUCTION_REPLICAS`	Number of canary replicas to deploy for Canary Deployments in the production environment. Takes precedence over `CANARY_REPLICAS`. Defaults to 1.
`CANARY_REPLICAS`	Number of canary replicas to deploy for Canary Deployments. Defaults to 1.
`HELM_RELEASE_NAME`	From GitLab 12.1, allows the `helm` release name to be overridden. Can be used to assign unique release names when deploying multiple projects to a single namespace.
`HELM_UPGRADE_VALUES_FILE`	From GitLab 12.6, allows the `helm upgrade` values file to be overridden. Defaults to `.gitlab/auto-deploy-values.yaml`.
`HELM_UPGRADE_EXTRA_ARGS`	From GitLab 11.11, allows extra arguments in `helm` commands when deploying the application. Note that using quotes won't prevent word splitting. Tip: you can use this variable to customize the Auto Deploy Helm chart by applying custom override values with `--values my-values.yaml`.
`INCREMENTAL_ROLLOUT_MODE`	From GitLab 11.4, if present, can be used to enable an incremental rollout of your application for the production environment. Set to `manual` for manual deployment jobs or `timed` for automatic rollout deployments with a 5 minute delay each one.
`K8S_SECRET_*`	From GitLab 11.7, any variable prefixed with `K8S_SECRET_` will be made available by Auto DevOps as environment variables to the deployed application.
`KUBE_INGRESS_BASE_DOMAIN`	From GitLab 11.8, can be used to set a domain per cluster. See cluster domains for more information.
`PRODUCTION_REPLICAS`	Number of replicas to deploy in the production environment. Takes precedence over `REPLICAS` and defaults to 1. For zero downtime upgrades, set to 2 or greater.
`REPLICAS`	Number of replicas to deploy. Defaults to 1.
`ROLLOUT_RESOURCE_TYPE`	From GitLab 11.9, allows specification of the resource type being deployed when using a custom Helm chart. Default value is `deployment`.
`ROLLOUT_STATUS_DISABLED`	From GitLab 12.0, used to disable rollout status check because it does not support all resource types, for example, `cronjob`.
`STAGING_ENABLED`	From GitLab 10.8, used to define a deploy policy for staging and production environments.

TIP: Tip: Set up the replica variables using a project variable and scale your application by only redeploying it.

CAUTION: Caution: You should not scale your application using Kubernetes directly. This can cause confusion with Helm not detecting the change, and subsequent deploys with Auto DevOps can undo your changes.

Database

The following table lists variables related to the database.

Variable	Description
`DB_INITIALIZE`	From GitLab 11.4, used to specify the command to run to initialize the application's PostgreSQL database. Runs inside the application pod.
`DB_MIGRATE`	From GitLab 11.4, used to specify the command to run to migrate the application's PostgreSQL database. Runs inside the application pod.
`POSTGRES_ENABLED`	Whether PostgreSQL is enabled. Defaults to `true`. Set to `false` to disable the automatic deployment of PostgreSQL.
`POSTGRES_USER`	The PostgreSQL user. Defaults to `user`. Set it to use a custom username.
`POSTGRES_PASSWORD`	The PostgreSQL password. Defaults to `testing-password`. Set it to use a custom password.
`POSTGRES_DB`	The PostgreSQL database name. Defaults to the value of `$CI_ENVIRONMENT_SLUG`. Set it to use a custom database name.
`POSTGRES_VERSION`	Tag for the `postgres` Docker image to use. Defaults to `9.6.2`.

Security tools

The following table lists variables related to security tools.

Variable	Description
`SAST_CONFIDENCE_LEVEL`	Minimum confidence level of security issues you want to be reported; `1` for Low, `2` for Medium, `3` for High. Defaults to `3`.

Disable jobs

The following table lists variables used to disable jobs.

Variable	Description
`CODE_QUALITY_DISABLED`	From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `codequality` job. If the variable is present, the job won't be created.
`CONTAINER_SCANNING_DISABLED`	From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `sast:container` job. If the variable is present, the job won't be created.
`DAST_DISABLED`	From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `dast` job. If the variable is present, the job won't be created.
`DEPENDENCY_SCANNING_DISABLED`	From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `dependency_scanning` job. If the variable is present, the job won't be created.
`LICENSE_MANAGEMENT_DISABLED`	From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `license_management` job. If the variable is present, the job won't be created.
`PERFORMANCE_DISABLED`	From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `performance` job. If the variable is present, the job won't be created.
`REVIEW_DISABLED`	From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `review` and the manual `review:stop` job. If the variable is present, these jobs won't be created.
`SAST_DISABLED`	From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `sast` job. If the variable is present, the job won't be created.
`TEST_DISABLED`	From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `test` job. If the variable is present, the job won't be created.

Application secret variables

Introduced in GitLab 11.7.

Some applications need to define secret variables that are accessible by the deployed application. Auto DevOps detects variables starting with K8S_SECRET_, and makes these prefixed variables available to the deployed application as environment variables.

To configure your application variables:

Go to your project's {settings} Settings > CI/CD, then expand the Variables section.
Create a CI/CD variable, ensuring the key is prefixed with K8S_SECRET_. For example, you can create a variable with key K8S_SECRET_RAILS_MASTER_KEY.
Run an Auto DevOps pipeline, either by manually creating a new pipeline or by pushing a code change to GitLab.

Auto DevOps pipelines will take your application secret variables to populate a Kubernetes secret. This secret is unique per environment. When deploying your application, the secret is loaded as environment variables in the container running the application. Following the example above, you can see the secret below containing the RAILS_MASTER_KEY variable.

$ kubectl get secret production-secret -n minimal-ruby-app-54 -o yaml

apiVersion: v1
data:
  RAILS_MASTER_KEY: MTIzNC10ZXN0
kind: Secret
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2018-12-20T01:48:26Z
  name: production-secret
  namespace: minimal-ruby-app-54
  resourceVersion: "429422"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/minimal-ruby-app-54/secrets/production-secret
  uid: 57ac2bfd-03f9-11e9-b812-42010a9400e4
type: Opaque

Environment variables are generally considered immutable in a Kubernetes pod. If you update an application secret without changing any code, then manually create a new pipeline, you will find any running application pods won't have the updated secrets. To update the secrets, either:

Push a code update to GitLab to force the Kubernetes deployment to recreate pods.
Manually delete running pods to cause Kubernetes to create new pods with updated secrets.

NOTE: Note: Variables with multi-line values are not currently supported due to limitations with the current Auto DevOps scripting environment.

Advanced replica variables setup

Apart from the two replica-related variables for production mentioned above, you can also use other variables for different environments.

The Kubernetes' label named track, GitLab CI/CD environment names, and the replicas environment variable are combined into the format TRACK_ENV_REPLICAS, enabling you to define your own variables for scaling the pod's replicas:

TRACK: The capitalized value of the track Kubernetes label in the Helm Chart app definition. If not set, it won't be taken into account to the variable name.
ENV: The capitalized environment name of the deploy job, set in .gitlab-ci.yml.

In the example below, the environment's name is qa, and it deploys the track foo, which results in an environment variable named FOO_QA_REPLICAS:

QA testing:
  stage: deploy
  environment:
    name: qa
  script:
  - deploy foo

The track foo being referenced must also be defined in the application's Helm chart, like:

replicaCount: 1
image:
  repository: gitlab.example.com/group/project
  tag: stable
  pullPolicy: Always
  secrets:
    - name: gitlab-registry
application:
  track: foo
  tier: web
service:
  enabled: true
  name: web
  type: ClusterIP
  url: http://my.host.com/
  externalPort: 5000
  internalPort: 5000

Deploy policy for staging and production environments

Introduced in GitLab 10.8.

TIP: Tip: You can also set this inside your project's settings.

The normal behavior of Auto DevOps is to use continuous deployment, pushing automatically to the production environment every time a new pipeline is run on the default branch. However, there are cases where you might want to use a staging environment, and deploy to production manually. For this scenario, the STAGING_ENABLED environment variable was introduced.

If you define STAGING_ENABLED, such as setting STAGING_ENABLED to 1 as a CI/CD variable, then GitLab automatically deploys the application to a staging environment, and creates a production_manual job for you when you're ready to manually deploy to production.

Deploy policy for canary environments (PREMIUM)

Introduced in GitLab 11.0.

You can use a canary environment before deploying any changes to production.

If you define CANARY_ENABLED in your project, such as setting CANARY_ENABLED to 1 as a CI/CD variable, then two manual jobs are created:

canary - Deploys the application to the canary environment.
production_manual - Manually deploys the application to production.

Incremental rollout to production (PREMIUM)

Introduced in GitLab 10.8.

TIP: Tip: You can also set this inside your project's settings.

When you're ready to deploy a new version of your app to production, you may want to use an incremental rollout to replace just a few pods with the latest code to check how the application is behaving before manually increasing the rollout up to 100%.

If INCREMENTAL_ROLLOUT_MODE is set to manual in your project, then instead of the standard production job, 4 different manual jobs will be created:

rollout 10%
rollout 25%
rollout 50%
rollout 100%

The percentage is based on the REPLICAS variable, and defines the number of pods you want to have for your deployment. If the value is 10, and you run the 10% rollout job, there will be 1 new pod + 9 old ones.

To start a job, click the play icon ({play}) next to the job's name. You're not required to go from 10% to 100%, you can jump to whatever job you want. You can also scale down by running a lower percentage job, just before hitting 100%. Once you get to 100%, you can't scale down, and you'd have to roll back by redeploying the old version using the rollback button in the environment page.

Below, you can see how the pipeline will look if the rollout or staging variables are defined.

Without INCREMENTAL_ROLLOUT_MODE and without STAGING_ENABLED:

Without INCREMENTAL_ROLLOUT_MODE and with STAGING_ENABLED:

With INCREMENTAL_ROLLOUT_MODE set to manual and without STAGING_ENABLED:

With INCREMENTAL_ROLLOUT_MODE set to manual and with STAGING_ENABLED

CAUTION: Caution: Before GitLab 11.4, the presence of the INCREMENTAL_ROLLOUT_ENABLED environment variable enabled this feature. This configuration is deprecated, and will be removed in the future.

Timed incremental rollout to production (PREMIUM)

Introduced in GitLab 11.4.

TIP: Tip: You can also set this inside your project's settings.

This configuration is based on incremental rollout to production.

Everything behaves the same way, except:

To enable it, set the INCREMENTAL_ROLLOUT_MODE variable to timed.
Instead of the standard production job, the following jobs are created with a 5 minute delay between each:
1. timed rollout 10%
2. timed rollout 25%
3. timed rollout 50%
4. timed rollout 100%

Auto DevOps banner

The following Auto DevOps banner displays for users with Maintainer or greater permissions on new projects when Auto DevOps is not enabled:

The banner can be disabled for:

A user, when they dismiss it themselves.
A project, by explicitly disabling Auto DevOps.

An entire GitLab instance:

By an administrator running the following in a Rails console:
```
Feature.get(:auto_devops_banner_disabled).enable
```

Through the REST API with an admin access token:

curl --data "value=true" --header "PRIVATE-TOKEN: <personal_access_token>" https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/features/auto_devops_banner_disabled

Customizing Auto DevOps

Custom buildpacks

Multiple buildpacks

Custom Dockerfile

Passing arguments to docker build

Passing secrets to docker build

Custom Helm Chart

Customize values for Helm Chart

Custom Helm chart per environment

Customizing .gitlab-ci.yml

Customizing the Kubernetes namespace

Using components of Auto DevOps

PostgreSQL database support

Upgrading PostgresSQL

Using external PostgreSQL database providers

Environment variables

Build and deployment

Database

Security tools

Disable jobs

Application secret variables

Advanced replica variables setup

Deploy policy for staging and production environments

Deploy policy for canary environments (PREMIUM)

Incremental rollout to production (PREMIUM)

Timed incremental rollout to production (PREMIUM)

Auto DevOps banner

Custom `Dockerfile`

Passing arguments to `docker build`

Passing secrets to `docker build`

Customizing `.gitlab-ci.yml`